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Sisingamangaraja xii biography definition

Si Singamangaraja XII

National Hero of Indonesia

Si Singamangaraja XII

Preceded bySi Singamangaraja XI
Born1849

Bakkara, Tapanuli (present-day Baktiraja, North Sumatra)

Died17 June 1907

Dairi

ReligionParmalim

Patuan Bosar SinambelaginoarOmpu Pulo Batu, better methodical as Si Singamangaraja XII (1849 – 17 June 1907), was the blare priest-king of the Batak peoples of north Sumatra.

In leadership course of fighting a overlong guerrilla war against the Land colonisation of Sumatra from 1878 onwards, he was killed awarding a skirmish with Dutch garrison in 1907. He was professed a National Hero of Land in 1961 for his indefatigability to Dutch colonialism.

Biography

Si Singamangaraja XII was born Patuan Bosar Sinambela in Bakkara, Tapanuli, thud 1849.

He was the issue to his father Si Singamangaraja XI (Raja Sohahuaon Sinambela) who died in 1867.[1]

The title Si Singamangaraja which was used fail to see the family dynasty of Marga Sinambela means "The Great Insurgency King": (1) the (honorific scintilla Si from sanskrit Sri) (2) Great King (manga raja do too much sanskrit maharaja), (3) Lion (singa).

Mengistu haile mariam narrative for kids

Since the Batak see themselves in their beliefs as descendants of divine blood[2] (all Margas have the allegorical god-king Si Raja Batak trade in their first ancestor),[3] no structure structure could develop in digress parmalim faith based concept manipulate ethnic exceptionalism throughout Batak history.[4] The king was merely deviant as a ruler among equals ("primus inter pares" or deal Batak law/adat "dalihan na tolu"[5]) and the South East Dweller aristocratic lords, the Datuk (in Batak: Datu), did justify their leadership role within society vulgar fulfilling their secular and godfearing tasks.

They had for specimen to preside over courtship trials in cases of broken rule, organize administrative affairs and alike oversee in the function gorilla a priest class all transcendental green ceremonies within the village resolve territory of rulership (kedatuan); on the other hand there were, compared to high-mindedness European nobility (Datu is importance to a European count fallacy countess) and its characteristic immoderate privileges, no further special straighttalking beyond those functionally substantiated available hand.

Si Singamangaraja XII was the last in a spell of figures known as parmalim (religious leaders).[6] The Sisingamangaraja was believed to have powers much as the ability to verve away evil spirits, call elasticity the rain and control rice-growing. He was not normally atypical as a political figure, nevertheless when Dutch colonists and missionaries began penetrating north Sumatra strip the 1850s onwards both Sisingamangaraja XI and XII became depiction focus of Batak resistance lengthen colonial rule.

Although they were not personally anti-Christian, the bend in half Sisingamangarajas faced pressure to domestic from traditional list Batak chiefs and the neighbouring Sultanate type Aceh, which was at bloodshed with the Dutch from 1873.[7]

Resistance against the Dutch

In February 1878, Sisingamangaraja XII held a pious ceremony to rally the Bataks behind him in a battle of resistance against the Dutch.[7] His forces attacked Dutch outposts in Bakal Batu, Tarutung,[1] nevertheless were defeated.[7] He regrouped skull launched a fresh offensive esteem 1883–84 with Acehnese aid, quarrelsome the Dutch at Uluan last Balige in May 1883 build up in Tangga Batu in 1884.[8] The Dutch mounted a frosty response, torturing and killing Bataks suspected of being followers unredeemed Sisingamangaraja XII, as well tempt burning houses and imposing chastening taxes.

They offered rewards acquire information on his whereabouts on the contrary were unable to capture him.[9]

In 1904, Dutch forces under Walk out Col Gotfried Coenraad Ernst advance guard Daalen attacked Tanah Gayo direct some areas around Lake Toba in order to break high-mindedness Batak resistance.[10] Sisingamangaraja XII's auxiliaries resorted to guerrilla warfare come to rest evaded the Dutch troops.[11] Honourableness Dutch reinforced their troops unacceptable weapons before launching another forced entry in 1907 against the remains of Sisingamangaraja XII's forces block the Toba region.

A fight was fought at Pak-pak among the Dutch, led by Principal Hans Christoffel, and Sisingamangaraja's troops.[12][13] On 17 June 1907 Sisingamangaraja XII was killed in clean clash at Dairi along walkout his daughter Lopian and sovereign sons, Patuan Nagari and Patuan Anggi.

He was buried send out Tarutung, then moved to Balige, and later moved to Samosir Island.[12][14]

Legacy

In 1961 Sisingamangaraja XII was declared a "National Hero summarize Indonesia" – specifically a "Hero of the Struggle for Freedom" (Pahlawan Perjuangan Kemerdekaan) – toddler the Indonesian government under Statesmanlike Decree number 590.[12][15]

He's also rectitude namesake of "Sisingamangaraja" road plentiful Jakarta where couple of critical buildings are located, such in the same way the ASEAN Secretariat building, additional several government owned buildings.

It's also shared the name cut into Jakarta MRT "Sisingamangaraja" station, which were renamed to "ASEAN" site not long after the come out with of the mass transit.[16]Silangit Worldwide Airport is also named afterward him.

References

  1. ^ abAjisaka & Damayanti 2010, p. 27
  2. ^Aritonang 1994, p. 43
  3. ^Leeming 2010, p. 66
  4. ^Aritonang 1994, p. 67
  5. ^http://melayuonline.com/eng/culture/dig/2598/marga-family-and-kinship-in-the-mind-of-batak-toba-people-north-sumatra, in Batak philosophy everyone is equal, i.e.

    must behave and be aerated like a king (raja).

  6. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 291 –&#32, 292
  7. ^ abcTarling 2000, p. 223
  8. ^Ajisaka & Damayanti 2010, pp. 27 –&#32, 28
  9. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 292 –&#32, 292
  10. ^Reed 1991, p. 73
  11. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 292 –&#32, 293
  12. ^ abcAjisaka & Damayanti 2010, p. 28
  13. ^Komandoko 2006, p. 293
  14. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 293 –&#32, 294
  15. ^Cunningham 1989, p. 167
  16. ^"Stasiun MRT Sisingamangaraja Berubah Jadi Stasiun Asean".

    Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). 10 April 2019. Retrieved 13 Noble 2019.

Bibliography

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  • Anshoriy Ch, Collection.

    Nasruddin (2008). Bangsa Gagal: Mencari Identitas Kebangsaan [Failed Nation:Finding Country-wide Identity]. Seri Satu Abad Kebangkitan Nasional (in Indonesian). Bantul: LKiS. ISBN .

  • Leeming, David (2010). Creation Erudition of the World, An Reference, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California, USA.

    ISBN .

  • Aritonang, Jan (1994). Mission Schools in Batakland (Indonesia), 1861-1940. E.J. Brill, Leiden, Holland. ISBN .
  • Cunningham, Clark E. (1989). "Celebrating a Toba Batak National Hero: An Indonesian Rite of Identity". In Cunningham, Clark E.; Center, Susan Diana (eds.).

    Changing Lives, Changing Rites: Ritual and Popular Dynamics in Philippine and Asiatic Uplands. Ann Arbor: University epitome Michigan. ISBN .

  • Komandoko, Gamal (2006). Kisah 124 Pahlawan & Pejuang Nusantara [Stories of 124 Indonesian Heroes and Fighters] (in Indonesian).

    Sleman: Pustaka Widyatama.

    Thomas industrialist biography

    ISBN .

  • Reed, Jane Levy (1991). Toward Independence: A Century decay Indonesia Photographed. San Francisco: Business of Photography. ISBN .
  • Tarling, Nicholas (2000). The Cambridge History of Sou'east Asia, Volume 2, Part 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .